{"id":2981,"date":"2019-04-01T14:19:54","date_gmt":"2019-04-01T18:19:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ags.duke.edu\/?p=2981"},"modified":"2019-04-01T14:19:54","modified_gmt":"2019-04-01T18:19:54","slug":"madeleine-albright-february-28-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ags.duke.edu\/2019\/04\/01\/madeleine-albright-february-28-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"Madeleine Albright | February 28, 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<iframe src=\"https:\/\/warpwire.duke.edu\/w\/x5cCAA\/\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/warpwire.duke.edu\/w\/0ZcCAA\/\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/warpwire.duke.edu\/w\/zZcCAA\/\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/warpwire.duke.edu\/w\/z5cCAA\/\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<p><span style=\"color: #99ccff\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pg\/DukeAGS\/photos\/?tab=album&amp;album_id=1092641370939814\">Main event photos<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=G9dmPGiC2vQ&amp;t=2s\">Watch a video of the event here.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Story by Jackie Ogburn:<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Former U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright was both humorous and somber Thursday during a dialogue with Judith Kelley, dean of the Duke Sanford School of Public Policy, about threats to democracy, foreign policy and the responsibilities of citizenship.<\/p>\n<p>Describing herself as having attended college \u201csometime between the invention of the iPad and the discovery of fire,\u201d Albright, 81, delivered the David M. Rubenstein Lecture to a full house in Page Auditorium. She served as secretary of state during the Clinton administration, and was the first woman to serve in that role.<\/p>\n<p>She spoke about growing up in Czechoslovakia, whose democratic government was taken away twice, once by the Nazis and then again by the Soviet Union. Her family immigrated to the United States in 1948.<\/p>\n<p>Her father, diplomat Josef Korbel, told her, \u201cI\u2019m not sure Americans understand how fragile democracy is and take it too much for granted.\u201d To succeed, democracy requires engaged citizens and voters, she said. Her comment that high school education doesn\u2019t give sufficient emphasis to the responsibilities of citizenship drew applause from the audience.<\/p>\n<p>She cited a number of factors working against democracies today, including \u201cglobalization and facelessness,\u201d rapidly changing technology, and a breakdown of the social contract. There are also threats from other countries, such as Russian propaganda, and the growing influence of China.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe forget that Putin is a KGB agent and he has played a weak hand very, very well,\u201d Albright said, adding that Russia and China are constantly probing into areas where the U.S. has stepped back.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fascism: A Warning<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Some people think her recent book,\u00a0<em>Fascism: a Warning<\/em>, is alarming, she said, adding, &#8220;It\u2019s supposed to be alarming.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Several times democracies turned into fascist or authoritarian governments through elections or other constitutional means, she said, such as the rise of Mussolini in Italy and Hitler\u2019s election in Germany. Today, she pointed to the elected authoritarian governments in Hungary, Turkey, the Philippines and Venezuela.<\/p>\n<p>When you have a leader who identifies with one group and says, \u201cI\u2019m with you,\u201d and those other people are the source of the problem, \u201cthat is the beginning of authoritarian government,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>Kelley asked, \u201cHave we lost trust in one another, and what does that mean for democracy?\u201d Albright described growing sentiment that government isn\u2019t responsive.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI stole this from Silicon Valley: The people are talking to the government on 21st century technology (while) the government is listening on 20th century technology and providing 19th century solutions,\u201d said Albright. The disconnect is frustrating for people, she said.<\/p>\n<p>There have been enormous changes in society and technology and some systems worked in the 20th century but don\u2019t work now, she said. Pointing to the Arab Spring, she said elections in Tunisia and Egypt came too quickly. Social media made it easy to organize protests, but there was insufficient time spent building the relationships and partnerships that could make a government work. Many people were dismayed by the apparent chaos, and that made it easy for an authoritarian to step in.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fear vs. Hope<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>She warned against the growing use of \u201cthe fear factor\u201d in American politics, which operates by turning others into enemies and scapegoats and makes our democracy vulnerable to fascism.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAmericans operate on the hope factor,\u201d Albright said.<\/p>\n<p>She also warned against U.S isolationism. While acknowledging several times that Americans don\u2019t want to be \u201cthe world\u2019s policeman,\u201d she still views the U.S. as the indispensable nation in multilateral talks.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe world doesn\u2019t work well without the U.S.,\u201d Albright said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAmericans are safer if other countries are democracies, but it\u2019s not simple and it takes time,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>During the Q&amp;A session, one student asked for advice for women going into a male-dominated field.<\/p>\n<p>Albright stressed the importance of having women in positions of power, which makes societies stronger, and of female solidarity.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe most famous thing I\u2019ve ever said, which ended up on Starbucks\u2019 cups, is \u2018there is a special place in hell for women who don\u2019t help each other,\u2019 and that came from my own experience,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>She also reflected on mistakes made when she was serving in the Clinton administration, especially in Rwanda. Recent events had made the U.S. reluctant to act quickly, and the genocide happened very quickly, she said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cRwanda weighs heavily on my mind,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hidden Messages<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kelley asked Albright to explain how she became known for using costume jewelry, her pins, as a diplomatic tool. At the end of the Gulf War, when as ambassador to the United Nations she was charged with implementing sanctions and criticizing Saddam Hussein, there was a poem published in Iraq calling her a snake.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSo I decided to wear a snake pin whenever we talked about Iraq,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>It was a way to add a bit of humor to often tense situations. The press picked it up and wearing pins to reflect on the day\u2019s events or make a subtle comment became Albright\u2019s signature move.<\/p>\n<p>Her pin diplomacy became so famous that she wrote a book,\u00a0<em>Read My Pins: Stories from a Diplomat\u2019s Jewel Box,<\/em>\u00a0and the Smithsonian exhibited pins from her collection. Albright wore an eagle pin for the lecture.\u00a0 At the end of the talk, Kelley presented her with a Duke University pin to add to her collection and mark the occasion.<\/p>\n<p>Secretary Albright\u2019s talk was presented by the Sanford School of Public Policy and co-sponsored by Duke\u2019s Program in American Grand Strategy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Main event photos\u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 Watch a video of the event here. Story by Jackie Ogburn: Former U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright was both humorous&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ags.duke.edu\/2019\/04\/01\/madeleine-albright-february-28-2019\/\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Madeleine Albright | February 28, 2019<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":3083,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,4,5],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Madeleine Albright | February 28, 2019 - American Grand Strategy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ags.duke.edu\/2019\/04\/01\/madeleine-albright-february-28-2019\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Madeleine Albright | February 28, 2019 - American Grand Strategy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Main event photos\u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 Watch a video of the event here. 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